环境升温过程对常温固化环氧树脂热力学性能的影响

目的提高常温固化环氧树脂体系的高温使用性能。方法采用常温固化剂T31、中温固化剂IPDA以及高温固化剂DDM作为混合固化剂,对E-44型和AG-80型混合环氧树脂体系进行常温固化反应,并分析环境升温过程对固化物热力学性能的影响。通过DMA分析、热变形测量、固化度测试,分别评价室温固化环氧树脂在环境升温过程前后的玻璃化转变温度、热变形量及体系内部的固化反应程度变化,并通过吸水率测试和弯曲强度测试对玻璃纤维布增强常温固化环氧树脂基复合材料的耐湿热性能以及高温条件下的力学性能进行分析。结果环氧树脂常温固化物的tg为85.21℃,经1.5℃/min的平均升温速率加热至90℃之后,该环境升温过程使固化物的固化度增大至92%以上,tg增长为132.06℃的同时热变形温度增大。其复合材料耐湿热性能提高,且100℃时弯曲强度的保持率为65%,对于加热至120℃的环境升温过程,固化物的固化度接近96%,tg增长为144.45℃的同时热变形温度进一步提高,其复合材料耐湿热性能改善程度更加明显,且130℃时弯曲强度保持率仍接近60%。结论常温、中温、高温混合固化剂的合理复配有助于环氧树脂体系在环境升温变化的诱导条件下发生梯度式固化反应,使体系内部的交联固化程度迅速升至较高水平,可以有效提高其玻璃化转变温度,显著改善常温固化环氧树脂体系在高温条件下的热力学性能。     

我国中水回用现状及对策

我国水资源短缺问题日益严重，从长远发展来看，中水回用作为一项保护环境、节约资源的措施，将有力地促进城市的可持续发展和加速生态城市的建设。中水回用是解决我国水资源危机的有效途径之一。     

常温空气无焰燃烧中NOx生成的研究

研究了常温空气无焰燃烧中Nox的生成规律.实验研究和计算分析表明,在燃烧器射流对称轴上(300mm×2000mm的空间内),自喷口至炉膛中心处,有一个温度较低的剧烈的燃气与空气扩散混合区,在此区域内,不生成Nox;温度大于1320K的区域,开始生成N2O;在炉膛后部温度大于1810K的高温区,开始生成NO.过量空气系数与容积热负荷对烟气中Nox生成量的影响不大与传统的扩散火焰或预混火焰不同,常温空气无焰燃烧反应发生在一个弥散的宽广区域,在整个炉膛内同时进行,炉膛内高温区面积很小,因而Nox的生成量低,排放稳定.     

常温袋除尘在电石炉除尘工程的研究与应用

新华结晶硅有限公司2×10 000kVA电石炉除尘项目是一项污染治理项目,该项目结合内蒙古当地的气象条件,利用较少的投资,解决了困扰多年的电石炉烟尘污染问题,同时回收的粉尘又有较高的利用价值,取得了较好的经济效益.     

环保新常态下环境保护综合名录工作的定位与重点探究

本文分析总结了环保新常态下面临的环保新形势,对环境管理转型提出的新要求,认为在环境管理模式由污染控制导向向质量改善导向转变,环境管理思路由注重行政许可、事前审批、指标分配向注重事中事后监管、市场自治、社会共治转变的背景下,现有环境管理制度体系整体与政策手段个体的覆盖主体、切入界面、作用机制、内在逻辑等基础理论问题需要再审视,制度架构顶层设计和分工体系需要再完善。在此背景和趋势下,本文从理论和实践两个层面深入探析了名录工具和产品主体在环境管理中的特性与作用,认为产品是市场经济条件下同时承载功能流、价值流和资源环境流的流通载体,也是制定差别化环境监管政策与市场监管政策、建立跨主体环境成本合理分担机制的最恰当主体,以此为基础,清晰界定了环境管理系统化、科学化、法制化、精细化、信息化转型要求下环保综合名录的本质特征、基本定位和潜力方向,并提出了综合名录工作下一阶段的重点任务。     

土壤铅-苯并[a]芘复合污染对小麦种子生长的影响研究

研究了土壤中低含量铅(Pb)-苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)复合污染对小麦种子萌发率、根伸长、芽伸长以及芽根比的影响,以期考察复合污染的生态效应并筛选具有指示土壤污染程度的指标.结果表明,小麦种子萌发率对Pb-B[a]P单一及复合污染均不敏感;Pb和B[a]P单一污染时小麦根伸长均受到一定程度的抑制作用;复合污染条件下Pb...     

Specific features of the growth of Scots pine vegetative organs in the forest-steppe zone of Cisbaikalia

The dependence of the annual increment of vegetative organs on air temperature and humidity and the amount of precipitation per phenophase, as well as the period of their growth in Scots pine, were studied in the forest-steppe zone of Cisbaikalia. The multiple effect of variation in environmental conditions on the annual increment of organs increased when precipitation in September of the previous year was taken into account. These factors proved to have a stronger effect on variation in the annual increment of needles (R ² = 0.59, p = 0.00005) than that in the annual ring width (R ² = 0.38, p = 0.0002).     

烟气扩散的CFD数值模拟

运用商业CFD软件Fluent模拟计算小尺寸下的简单烟气扩散规律.将结果用正态分布假设下的高斯烟羽模型验证.证明该软件模拟烟气扩散问题的可行性.     

UNIT HYDROGRAPHS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY1

ABSTRACT. Unit hydrographs derived by using two methods, linear programming and least squares, are compared. Test data comprise rainfall and runoff information from four storms over the North Branch Potomac River near Cumberland, Maryland. The mathematical bases of these methods for unit-hydrograph derivation are explained. The linear programming method minimizes the sum of absolute deviations, and the least squares method minimizes the sum of the squares of deviations. Computer subroutines are readily available for application of these methods. The unit hydrographs derived with the two methods are practically the same for storms 2 and 3, but differ somewhat for storms 1 and 4. However, the reconstituted direct surface runoff hydrographs are similar to those observed with the exception of the hydrograph for storm 4 which had a relatively more non-uniform rainfall excess of a considerably larger duration.     

Normality of Hydrological Data1

ABSTRACT: Assessment of normality of hydrological data has been based upon subjective judgments. This paper aims to provide an objective method for such an assessment by introducing three computationally simple statistical tests. Application to some stream flow data indicates that (1) for annual values, at least one of the three sequences- original, square root, and logarithmic - can be considered to be normally distributed; and (2) most monthly stream flows are skew and neither the square root nor the logarithmic transformation is able to render their sequences in all the 12 months normal.